Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium, known as Ir(ppz)3, features a small lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of around 1.6 eV. It has been normally used as an electron-blocking layer (EBL) in organic light-emitting diodes and other organic electronic devices( e.g. organic photovoltaics)

It has also been reported that Ir(ppz)3 doping can enhance low wavelength optical-absorption capacity, and that doping a small amount of Ir(ppz)3 can also improve the crystallinity of P3HT. Moreover, the large energy barrier between Ir(ppz)3 and the polymer active layer (which can reduce the electron current densities and increase the hole current densities) indicates a more balanced carrier transport based on hole- and electron-only devices [2]

General Information

CAS number	562824-31-1
Chemical formula	C27H21IrN6
Molecular weight	621.71 g/mol
Absorption	λmax 321 nm (2-MeTHF) [1]
Fluorescence	λem 414 nm (2-MeTHF)
HOMO/LUMO	HOMO = 5.0 eV, LUMO = 1.6 eV
Synonyms	Tris(1-phenylpyrazolato)iridium Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium
Classification / Family	Iridium complex, Electron blocking layer (EBL) materials, Hole transport layer (HTL) materials, Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), Organic photovoltaics, Organic electronics

Product Details

Purity	>99.5% (sublimed)
Melting point	No data available
Appearance	Light yellow powder/crystals

*Sublimation is a technique used to obtain ultra pure-grade chemicals. For more details about sublimation, please refer to the Sublimed Materials for OLED devices page.

Chemical Structure

Device Structure(s)

Device structure	ITO/PSS:PEDOT/P3HT:PCBM:0.1 wt% Ir(ppz)3/LiF/Al [2]
JSC (mA cm-2)	11.8
VOC (V)	0.61
FF (%)	59
PCE	4.24

Device structure	Ag (80 nm)/MoO3 (2 nm)/MeO-TPD*:3 wt% F4-TCNQ (30 nm)/MeO-TPD (10 nm)/Ir(PPZ)3 (10 nm)/TCTA:8 wt% FIrpic:2% PO-01 (12 nm)/SPPO1:8 wt% FIrpic (15 nm)/BPhen (10 nm)/Bphen:3 wt% Li (20 nm)/Ag (14 nm) [3]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	23,340 cd/m2
Max. Power Efficiency	15.39 lm W−1
Max. Current Efficiency	24.49 cd/A
Turn-on Voltage	3.1 V

Device structure	ITO/m-MTDATA (45nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/CBP:PO-01 (5 nm,6wt%)/Ir(ppz)3 (1 nm)/MADN: DSA-Ph* (25 nm,5wt%)/ BPhen (50 nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100 nm) [4]
Colour	White
Current Efficiency	21.0 cd/A@2, 300 cd/m220.1 cd/A@9, 300 cd/m2
CIE	(0.41,0.46) to (0.40,0.46) over 103 – 104 cd/m2

Device structure	ITO (180 nm)/TAPC (60 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (1.5 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (1.5 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (120 nm) [5]
Colour	Blue
Luminance@200 cd/m2	32,570 cd/m2
Max. Current Efficiency	43.76 cd/A
Max. EQE	23.4%
Max. Power Efficiency	21.4 lm W−1

Device structure	ITO/MoOx (2 nm)/m-MTDATA:- MoOx (3:1, 10 nm)/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/DBFPPO:FIrpic (10:1, 10 nm)/3TPYMB (10 nm)/BPhen (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al [6]
Colour	Blue
Max. Current Efficiency	35.5 cd/A
Max. EQE	15.5%

Device structure	ITO/m-MTDATA: MoOx (10 nm, 15 wt %)/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (15 nm)/ mCP:FIrpic (5 nm, 10 wt %)/BPhen (2 nm)/mCP:(FBT)2Ir(acac) (5 nm, 6 wt %)/BPhen (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/ Al (100 nm) [7]
Colour	White
EQE@10 mA/cm2	12.5 %
CIE	(0.27 ± 0.01, 0.40 ± 0.01)  over 103 – 104 cd/m2

Device structure	ITO/MoOx (2 nm)/m-MTDATA: MoOx (30 nm, 15 wt.%)/m-MTDATA(10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/CBP:PO-01* (3 nm, 6 wt.%)/Ir(ppz)3(1 nm)/DBFDPOPhCz*:FIrpic (10 nm,10 wt.%)/Bphen (36 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al [8]
Colour	White
Max. EQE	12.2%
Max. Current Efficiency	42.4 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	47.6 lm W−1

*For chemical structure information please refer to the cited references.

Characterisation

Pricing

Grade	Order Code	Quantity	Price
Sublimed (>99% purity)	M721	100 mg	£177.00
Sublimed (>99% purity)	M721	250 mg	£354.00

MSDS Documentation

Ir(ppz)3 MSDS sheet

Literature and Reviews

1. Blue and Near-UV Phosphorescence from Iridium Complexes with Cyclometalated Pyrazolyl or N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands, T. Sajoto et al., Inorg. Chem., 44 (22), 7992-8003(2005); DOI: 10.1021/ic051296i.
2. Performance Improvement in Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-Phenyl C61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Polymer Solar Cell by Doping Wide-Gap Material Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium, C-S. Ho et al., Appl. Phys. Express 6, 042301 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/APEX.6.042301.
3. Flexible top-emitting warm-white organic light-emitting diodes with highly luminous performances and extremely stable chromaticity, H. Shi et al., Org. Electronics 15 (2014) 1465–1475; doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.03.031.
4. Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with improved color stability and negligible efficiency roll-off based on blue fluorescence and yellow phosphorescence, X. Wang et al., J. Luminescene, 137, 59–63 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.12.031.
5. Luminous efficiency enhancement in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an electron confinement layers, J-S. Kang et al., Optical Materials 47, 78–82 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.07.003.
6. Towards Highly Efficient Blue-Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Operating Voltage and Excellent Efficiency Stability, C. Han et al., Chem. Eur. J., 17, 445 – 449 (2011); DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001981.
7. Tailoring the Efficiencies and Spectra of White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with the Interlayers, G. Xie et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 264–269; DOI: 10.1021/jp107319e.
8. Highly efficient and color-stable white organic light-emitting diode based on a novel blue phosphorescent host, Q. Wu et al., Syn. Metals 187, 160– 164 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.11.010.

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To the best of our knowledge the technical information provided here is accurate. However, Ossila assume no liability for the accuracy of this information. The values provided here are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch.

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